Constitutional Court Redefines Parental Leave Rights
The Van Wyk judgment finds the BCEA's maternity and parental leave provisions constitutionally invalid, granting all parents four months and ten days of shared leave.
Constitutional Court Redefines Parental Leave Rights
On 3 October 2025, the Constitutional Court delivered its landmark judgment in Van Wyk and Others v Minister of Employment and Labour [2025] ZACC 20, finding sections of the Basic Conditions of Employment Act (BCEA) governing maternity and parental leave to be constitutionally invalid.
The Court held that limiting maternity leave to birthing mothers unfairly discriminates on the grounds of sex, gender, and family responsibility. The invalidity is suspended for 36 months to allow Parliament to amend the BCEA. In the meantime, interim measures apply immediately.
Key Changes in Effect
Universal Parental Leave: All parents, biological, adoptive, and commissioning, are jointly entitled to 4 (four) months and 10 (ten) days of parental leave.
Leave Division: Employed parents may agree on how to share the leave; failing agreement, it is split equally.
Adoption and Surrogacy: Leave begins on the date of placement (adoption) or date of birth (surrogacy).
Pregnancy and Recovery: Expectant employees may start leave four weeks before birth and may not work for six weeks after birth, unless medically certified fit.
Single Employed Parent: Where only one parent is employed, that parent may take the full leave entitlement.
Notice Requirements: Written notice of intended leave and return dates must be given four weeks in advance, or one month for adoption and commissioning leave.
Employer Compliance Checklist
1. Policy Review: Check that your HR policies no longer distinguish leave entitlements by gender or birth status.
2. Benefit Equality: Ensure any paid maternity benefits apply equally to all parents.
3. Contract Updates: Amend standard employment contracts to reflect shared parental leave.
4. Communication: Issue a staff circular or internal notice explaining the new arrangements.
5. Record-Keeping: Maintain accurate leave and UIF records for all parents.
The Van Wyk judgment affirms South Africa's commitment to gender equality, dignity, and shared parenting. It aligns labour law with the realities of modern families and places equal value on all caregiving roles. Monitor future amendments to the BCEA once Parliament enacts corrective legislation.
Read the full judgment: Van Wyk and Others v Minister of Employment and Labour [2025] ZACC 20